The Role of Some Transition Metals in Enzymatic Reactions in Context of Eco- Frendly Oxidative Halogenation

Abstract

Catalysts are a fundamental part of the chemical industry and today they are involved in the manufacture of approximately 90% of chemical-based products. Among the many types of catalysis, metal transfer catalysis is particularly important due to their ability of  to form various oxidation stages. Therefore it opens up protocols that demonstrate unprecedented complexity, efficiency and selectivity compared to classical reactions. In nature, catalytic processes are mediated by enzymes. Many of all known enzymes require one or more metal ions for catalytic activity. The natural enzymes constitute the state of the art in catalysis and can perform a wide range of transformations with efficiency and selectivity that often exceed man-made systems. In recent years, with the discovery of naturally occurring metal-containing enzymes in various organisms, numerous studies have been conducted on the role of these enzymes in enzymatic reactions. As a result of these studies, researchers have focused on investigating the active roles of these metals in halogenation reactions and developing environmentally friendly metal-catalyzed halogenation reactions based on the presence of iron, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten in the structure of various haloperoxidases. This review summarizes the roles of some transition metals in biological systems, as well as their functions of natural haloperoxidases and oxidative halogenation reactions.